您的位置: 首页 » 法律资料网 » 法律论文 »

分析如何解决法律平民化/刘成江

时间:2024-06-29 12:32:47 来源: 法律资料网 作者:法律资料网 阅读:8333
下载地址: 点击此处下载
分析如何解决法律平民化

刘成江


  一、法律援助的平民化
  安徽一农妇在浙江宁波帮人放牛时,不幸因牛误撞上裸露在外的高压线而触电身亡,家中只有尚不懂事的孩子和年迈的老人。得知这一情况后,浙江省法律援助中心马上派一名律师赶赴宁波,在短短几个星期的时间,就为她的家人争取到了10多万元的赔偿……
  上面的事例反映了在改革开发以来我国的司法援助体系取得了一定的发展。据悉,在刚刚过去的2007年,有433965名困难群众得到了自己需要的法律援助,比2006年增长了35%。法律援助机构从2000年的1890个,发展到2008的4043个。在乡镇司法所、工会、共青团、妇联、残联等基层团体都能看到法律援助工作站的“身影”,也都能看到一个个活动的“身影”,从上至下形成了一种法律援助工作网络。
与此同时,法律援助工作也逐步走向正轨。2003年《法律援助条例》颁布实施后,各级司法行政机关围绕机构规范、管理规范、服务规范等方面,就来访接待、办案程序、经费使用、社团参与、机构网络建设、质量监督、档案管理、禁止有偿服务等十几个方面制定了规章制度,使法律援助工作健康有序地开展,有效地推护了公民的合法权益。
  然而不可否认的是,尽管法律援助已日趋成为司法行政机关的重要服务内容,也是推进政治文明的重要举措,但法律援助真正走进百姓日常生活尚有一定距离。一方面由于普法宣传还存在一定死角和盲区,在农村特别是边远山区的群众法律意识淡薄,还不懂得利用法律武器来保护自己的合法权益。另一方面,法律援助还存有高成本现象,真正无偿的法律援助和免费诉讼费还没有完全走向社会,致使百姓有“赢了官司,输了钱”的现象,这就在一定程度上影响了百姓寻求法律援助的信心。
  此前,媒体报道了许多地方推出了农民工可享受免费的法律援助新举措。可事实上,近年来,农民工为讨回自己的血汗钱屡屡上演了跳楼、自杀、群殴悲剧,在此法律援助或缺位或失语或疲软乏力,没有真正地起到强有力的保障作用。养猪农妇熊德明只所以成为“讨薪明星”,成为农民工寄于厚望的“救世主”,便折射出了这种法律援助的滞后和欠缺。
  法律援助既是法律完善和成熟的一种必然,也是建设和谐社会的重要内涵。而法律援助真正走向法制化、制度化和规范化轨道,一个重要标志就是看其能否实现平民化。换言之,就是当社会弱势群体的合法权益每每受到损害时,法律援助能及时地、有效地、义无反顾地提供强有力的法律支持,便昭示了法律援助体系的真正建立。
  二、人民陪审员的平民化
  第十届全国人大常委会第十一次会议通过了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》(以下简称《决定》)。《决定》的第四条对“公民担任人民陪审员”应具备的条件做出了具体的要求:拥护中华人民共和国宪法;年满二十三周岁;品行良好、公道正派;身体健康。在这四个必备条件之外,另起一行还有个补充式的规定:“担任人民陪审员,一般应当具有大学专科以上文化程度”。对于《决定》中关于“大学专科以上文化程度”的规定是否应该成为人民陪审员的选任标准,有必要从理论和实践上做进一步的探讨和研究。
  (1).我国各地选任人民陪审员存在“精英化”的趋向
  从现实来看,目前我国各地选任人民陪审员明显存在一种认识和实践上的误区:由于过分注重《决定》中关于学历的要求,导致“精英化”的人士太多,而“平民化”的人士太少。在经济文化发达的地区,人民陪审员的学历水平普遍很高。资料表明,江苏省2732名人民陪审员中,具有大学专科以上学历的有2315人,占84.7%。在北京海淀区,许多人民陪审员分别来自清华大学、中国政法大学、北京师范大学、中国科学院等著名的学研机构,具有相当浓厚的学术、技术背景。由于人民陪审员中高学历者居多,存在着“精英化”的趋向,使得人民陪审员的代表性和广泛性大打折扣。
  (2).人民陪审员的“平民化”有利于实现司法民主
  陪审员制度作为普通群众参与司法事务的最直接、最重要的形式,在创设之初,其目的就在于彰显政治民主和司法民主。可以说,在实现多数统治的政治理念上,陪审制与选举制具有同等重要的意义。陪审制度的民主性不仅仅是通过普通民众参与司法体现的,更为关键的是,这种民众的参与必须体现出广泛性和开放性。但是,从我国目前选任人民陪审员的实际操作来看,许多地方把学历作为选任人民陪审员的重要参照标准,把人民陪审员的资格大多限制在具有大专以上文化程度,这就在实际上割断了法律与普通民众的联系,剥夺了大部分民众通过担任人民陪审员参与国家司法活动的机会,违背了人民陪审员制度实现司法民主的初衷。在实行陪审制度较早的西方国家,对陪审员的文化程度一般都不做要求,任何人都有可能成为陪审员,除非他因为年龄、精神状态等原因,不能对事物作出辨认,或者有犯罪记录等特殊情况。比如美国强调,陪审团是“社区的缩影和镜子”,它应当包括不同性别、职业、文化程度、种族的人。
陪审员不是精英的代表,而是民意的代表。在选任人民陪审员的过程中,如果过分注重学历,将意味着把普通民众排除在审判领域之外,使他们处于一种被边缘化的状态,这是对普通民众参与司法活动权利的剥夺。因此,我们没有任何理由把低学历的人群,比如工人和农民排斥在司法活动之外,而应该不分性别、职业、民族、教育程度和社会地位,尽可能地吸纳社会各阶层的人员参与司法审判,使人民陪审员的“人民”性更加名副其实。
  (3).人民陪审员的“平民化”有利于实现司法公正
  法国18世纪伟大的革命家罗伯斯庇尔曾说过,陪审制度最大的特点,就是公民是由与他们平等的人们来审判的。它的目的是要使公民受到最公正和最无私的审判。实践证明,在不具备专业法律知识的情况下,普通百姓对诉讼争论根据事实同样能做出正确的判断,这与“精英化”无关。而且,人民陪审员来自普通的群众,他们了解民情,代表民意,在陪审活动中更注重以社会道德标准评判案件,这将有利于把各个行业、各个阶层的利益和价值标准融入司法审判活动中,与职业法官形成一个思维的互补,能克服法官因职业习惯所形成的思维定式,使司法更能反映社会的价值观念和道德准则,从而最大限度地保证司法裁判公平、公正、合情、合理,以实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。
  坚持人民陪审员“平民化”的标准,是实现司法公正的必然要求。适应这一要求,我们必须进一步完善和调整我国人民陪审员的选任标准,扩大普通群众参与司法审判的机会,让更多的普通民众参与到审判中去。具体来说,凡是在地方选举中进行了登记的选民,并且符合《决定》中关于“公民担任人民陪审员”的四个必备条件,没有犯罪记录或职业限制的人,都应该可以出任人民陪审员。
  根据党的十六届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》的要求,构建社会主义和谐社会,必须进一步推进人民陪审员制度的建设,不断完善人民陪审员的选任标准,实现人民陪审员的“平民化”,进一步促进和实现司法公正。
  三、司法考试的非平民化
  国家统一司法考试制度的建立,确立了统一的、严格的法律职业准入方式,从制度上保证了法律队伍的职业素质,同时,全国各界也都对司法考试寄予了莫大的期望。但是怪现象也频出,一是参加司法考试的人员五花八门,另一个怪现象是法律科班出身的考不过非科班出身的,甚至相当司法机关人员报考,通过率也是可怜的很,有的地区公检法系统竟会出现“全军覆没”。《南方周末》曾报道,南宁市195名法官报名参加首届司法考试然无一人上线,而7名农民却有2人过了关。
  经过四年的法学基础理论知识与方法的专业训练、教育,大部分法学院毕业生却只能望司考而兴叹,而一些无任何法学基础和功底的其他专业人员却能经过几个月的挑灯苦读、临阵磨枪而轻松跨过“中国第一考”。且不说大学法学教育是否跟得上时代脚步,也不论司法考试本身是否存在各种缺陷,单说那些虽通过司考但属非科班的准法律人(本文单指狭义意义上典型的法律人)与科班出身的准法律人是否站在同一起跑线上呢?答案不言自明。对饱受了几千年高度行政垄断的国人来说,大众化和平民化,都是一个让人振奋,激动人心,充满幻想和不敢奢求的字眼,而正是平民化至少在形式上打造了一种人人平等的理念,打破了王侯将相天生贵种的传统思想桎梏。所以无论什么事情,什么职业都倾向于构建一种什么人都可以从事,什么人都可以担任的低门槛准入制度。然而,法律职业,不像饭店一样开放给任何人进入。一般人可以了解法律知识,接受法律普及,提高法律素质,增强法制观念,但是决不能介入或者染指法律这一职业。就像医院一样,没有经过医学教育并获取执业资格的专业人员是绝对不能成为医生和护士的,否则一定会使人们对医院产生高度怀疑和不信任感,这样的医院有谁敢拿自己的健康甚至生命去做赌注呢?专门化职业,本身的含义就“蕴涵着专业的、对于外行来说是一种‘深奥’的知识”,法律职业是一种“娴熟于繁杂而为外人所无法掌握,不可言说程度较高的职业”,也一直是奉行法治与权威的国家权力的支柱。
  法律职业共同体必须是要由具有法律知识结构,独特的思维方式和强烈的社会正义感的法律人构建,要成为法律人必然是受过专门法律专业专门训练,具有娴熟法律技能和法律伦理的人,这是一个最基本的前提。法律人不能走大众化、平民化道路,因为他们当中或是担当追求个案的实质正义,实现公平,或是要维护当事人利益,实现程序正义,或是要维护国家和人民合法权益,打击犯罪的重要角色,法律人在国家政治生活、社会生活和现代司法制度中都扮演着不可或缺的角色。进而司法考试也不能走大众化、平民化道路,而是要走向专业化,因为成为法律人的必经阶段和前提是要通过司法考试。
  将来司法改革是将司法考试平民化一票否决呢,还是在肯定的前提下再从其他方面采取措施弥补缺陷呢?比如通过对非法学专业而通过司法考试的人员进行一定时间的法学教育和培训。我认为,为了全面提高整个司法队伍的素质,树立司法权威,更好的维护人民合法权益,构架尽可能完善的司法制度,应对司法考试实行“司考专业化”原则,这样还可以减少因再教育而增加的成本等诸多弊端。所谓的“司考专业化”,就是只有获得法学学士学位以上文凭的法学院毕业生以及现在律检法系统的在职人员才能参加司法考试。当然一定会有人坚决抗议,认为这样是直接剥夺了人人平等的权利,或许有人还要提出本来司法考试通过率就低,若是司考专业化,岂不是更难以满足法律职业的需求。对于前者,前面已经有所简述,对于后者的担忧,不敢苟同。我国不是法律职业人才缺少,而是法律素质普遍偏低。仅以法官为例,在英国法官与总人口比例是1:11万,与我国一水之隔的日本是1:4.3万,美国法官年均审案300~400件,但是我国有资格担任法官者21万,比例是1:6000,而年均审案30多件,这绝不是一个正常的现象,这也足以说明我国的法律人才并不缺乏。但是,就目前我国律师队伍来看,确实不够强大,人员匮乏。然实行司法考试以来,通过者进入律师队伍的简直是凤毛麟角,司法考试平民化也不能解决律师队伍人才紧缺的现状。
正如爱德华•S•考文所说,法律是一门艺术,一个人只有经过长期的学习和实践才能获得对它的认知。法学教育是一个国家实现法治社会的不可或缺的基础,法学教育的目标是培养具有相应专业知识的法律人才。法学教育的兴废存衰同国家的政治、社会环境有着紧密的联系。而法律人才的培养客观上需要一个相当长的时期,法律思想、法学知识以及法律各种经验材料也不是一朝一夕就能获取到的,是一个积累、实践、接受教育和训练的过程。而这一切都要从正规大学的法学本科教育(法学院)开始,这也是一个最重要甚至必经的阶段,法学院是培养法律人的摇篮。在德国、美国、日本等法治国家,要想成为法律人,都是必须要经过长时间的法学专门教育、培训的,如日本,必须经过四年法学教育获得学士学位,再通过国家司法考试,然后在进行由司法研修所组织的二年的法律实务训练,通过结业考试,才能从事“法曹三者”之一种;在德国,要成为一个检察官,法律系毕业生先通过第一次司法考试后进行至少两年的见习实践,然后需通过第二次国家考试,取得从事司法职业的资格。再经历一年的实习检察官时期,才能取得五年的候补检察官身份,成为完全的法律工作者时,才能担任正式的检察官;而在美国则要求的准入门槛更高,在进入法学院之前,必须先取得学士学位,然后再接受三年的法学初级教育,继而在通过州司法考试,才能取得一般律师资格。我国法学本科教育为四年,本来就有些不足,更何况没有经过四年专门法学教育的人士呢?
  所以说“司考专业化”绝对是必要,而且是迫在眉睫。司考的专业化不是否定了法的平民化,相反,司考的专业化保证了法的平民化,如果我们的法律工作者对法律都相当娴熟能灵活运用,能更有效率的解决百姓生活中的纠纷和问题,我想这也是一种有力的宣传吧.至少能让人觉得出了事找”法”也能有效解决问;,而不会是我们现在所看到的,出了事宁愿私了也不愿诉之公堂.


北安市人民法院 刘成江

本溪市城市除运雪规定(废止)

辽宁省本溪市人民政府


本溪市人民政府令第38号


  《本溪市城市除运雪规定》,业经1997年1月4日本溪市人民政府第121次常务会议通过,现予发布施行。

                        1997年1月24日

             本溪市城市除运雪规定



  第一条 为及时清除我市城区冬季路面积雪,确保道路畅通、交通安全和环境整洁,方便人民生活,根据国家有关规定,结合我市实际,制定本规定。


  第二条 本市城区内所有单位和个人均应遵守本规定。


  第三条 市市政公用事业管理局主管全市除运雪工作。
  区城乡建设管理局主管本行政区域除运雪工作。
  市、区人民政府有关部门应积极配合除运雪主管部门,共同做好除运雪工作。


  第四条 清除城市积雪是公民应尽的义务。
  城市除运雪工作在市、区人民政府的领导下,按下列规定落实责任:
  (一)各城区除运雪主管部门、街道办事处负责辖区内除运雪的组织、协调工作,划分除运雪区段,落实除运雪任务,与除运雪责任者签订除运雪责任状。
  (二)各类市场、摊区的除运雪责任由各市场、摊区的管理部门(或主办单位)负责落实。
  (三)建筑工地周围街路和动迁单位的除运雪责任由开发、建设单位负责落实。
  (四)三级以下街巷路的积雪清除责任由居民委员会负责落实。


  第五条 除雪任务量按下列规定划分:
  (一)单位(含初中以上各类学校)、个体业户,按人均20平方米计算。
  (二)四年级以上小学生按人均10平方米以下计算,但不承担主干路的除雪任务。


  第六条 除雪质量必须达到见地面、无残雪、无冰包的标准。清除的残雪必须整齐地堆放在路边石以外并露出路边石。
  禁止在汽、电车站(场)、垃圾容器、厕所等公用设施周围堆放积雪。


  第七条 主干路、立交桥、广场、市场、摊区、车站和繁华区段等重点部位应在雪停后24小时内除净,72小时内由责任单位将积雪运到指定排放地点。其它路面和街巷的积雪,应在雪停后48小时内除净。


  第八条 在规定除运雪期间,对无除雪能力的责任单位和个体业户,由街道办事处收取代清除费后,组织有偿清除。
  在规定除运雪期间,建筑工地和动迁地段无人员施工的,由城区除运雪主管部门、街道办事处向建设、开发单位收取代清除费(或抵押金),组织有偿清除。
  严禁雇用在校学生有偿清除积雪。


  第九条 代清除费按物价部门核定的每场雪每平方米5元的标准收取。
  收取代清除费应办理收费许可证,使用财政部门统一印制的票据,实行收支两条线管理,专款专用。


  第十条 除运城市积雪费用纳入城市维护费计划,由城市维护费列支,并实行统一管理,专款专用。其主要用于购买除雪剂、购置除雪机械、工具,以及特殊地段的运雪费用。


  第十一条 禁止擅自向冰雪路面抛撒残土、灰渣。
  禁止往雪堆上倾倒垃圾、污物、污水。


  第十二条 对在城市除运雪工作中做出显著成绩的单位和个人可予以表彰。


  第十三条 对未按要求签订除运雪责任状的单位和个体业户,由除运雪主管部门责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,对单位处以500元至1000元罚款,对单位责任人处以200元罚款,对个体业户处以300元罚款。


  第十四条 对不履行除运雪义务的单位和个体业户,由除运雪主管部门责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,按应承担的除雪面积,每场雪每日每平方米处以10元罚款。
  对除雪质量未达到规定标准的单位,按未达到标准的面积,每平方米处以5元罚款。


  第十五条 对收取代清除费后未按规定时间和标准组织清除积雪的,由除运雪主管部门责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,对主要责任者处以300元至500元罚款。


  第十六条 对妨碍除运雪管理人员执行公务,殴打、伤害除运雪人员的,由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》予以处罚;构成犯罪的,提请司法机关依法追究刑事责任。


  第十七条 当事人对行政处罚不服的,可依法申请行政复议或向人民法院提起行政诉讼。


  第十八条 本溪、桓仁满族自治县可参照本规定执行。


  第十九条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

中华人民共和国计量法实施细则(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国计量法实施细则(附英文)

(一九八七年一月十九日国务院批准)

第一章 总 则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国计量法》的规定,制定本细则。
第二条 国家实行法定计量单位制度。国家法定计量单位的名称、符号和非国家法定计量单位的废除办法,按照国务院关于在我国统一实行法定计量单位的有关规定执行。
第三条 国家有计划地发展计量事业,用现代计量技术装备各级计量检定机构,为社会主义现代化建设服务,为工农业生产、国防建设、科学实验、国内外贸易以及人民的健康、安全提供计量保证,维护国家和人民的利益。

第二章 计量基准器具和计量标准器具
第四条 计量基准器具(简称计量基准,下同)的使用必须具备下列条件:(一)经国家鉴定合格;(二)具有正常工作所需要的环境条件;(三)具有称职的保存、维护、使用人员;(四)具有完善的管理制度。符合上述条件的,经国务院计量行政部门审批并颁发计量基准证书后,方可使用。
第五条 非经国务院计量行政部门批准,任何单位和个人不得拆卸、改装计量基准或者自行中断其计量检定工作。
第六条 计量基准的量值应当与国际上的量值保持一致。国务院计量行政部门有权废除技术水平落后或者工作状况不适应需要的计量基准。
第七条 计量标准器具(简称计量标准,下同)的使用,必须具备下列条件:(一)经计量检定合格;(二)具有正常工作所需要的环境条件;(三)具有称职的保存、维护、使用人员;(四)具有完善的管理制度。
第八条 社会公用计量标准对社会上实施计量监督具有公证作用。县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门建立的本行政区域内最高等级的社会公用计量标准,须向上一级人民政府计量行政部门申请考核;其他等级的,由当地人民政府计量行政部门主持考核。经考核符合本细则第七条规定条件并取得考核合格证的,由当地县级以上人民政府计量行政部门审批颁发社会公用计量标准证书后,方可使用。
第九条 国务院有关主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关主管部门建立的本部门各项最高计量标准,经同级人民政府计量行政部门考核,符合本细则第七条规定条件并取得考核合格证的,由有关主管部门批准使用。
第十条 企业、事业单位建立本单位各项最高计量标准,须向与其主管部门同级的人民政府计量行政部门申请考核。乡镇企业向当地县级人民政府计量行政部门申请考核。经考核符合本细则第七条规定条件并取得考核合格证的,企业、事业单位方可使用,并向其主管部门备案。

第三章 计量检定
第十一条 使用实行强制检定的计量标准的单位和个人,应当向主持考核该项计量标准的有关人民政府计量行政部门申请周期检定。使用实行强制检定的工作计量器具的单位和个人,应当向当地县(市)级人民政府计量行政部门指定的计量检定机构申请周期检定。当地不能检定的,向上一级人民政府计量行政部门指定的计量检定机构申请周期检定。
第十二条 企业、事业单位应当配备与生产、科研、经营管理相适应的计量检测设施,制定具体的检定管理办法和规章制度,规定本单位管理的计量器具明细目录及相应的检定周期,保证使用的非强制检定的计量器具定期检定。
第十三条 计量检定工作应当符合经济合理、就地就近的原则,不受行政区划和部门管辖的限制。

第四章 计量器具的制造和修理
第十四条 企业、事业单位申请办理《制造计量器具许可证》,由与其主管部门同级的人民政府计量行政部门进行考核;乡镇企业由当地县级人民政府计量行政部门进行考核。经考核合格,取得《制造计量器具许可证》的,准予使用国家统一规定的标志,有关主管部门方可批准生产。
第十五条 对社会开展经营性修理计量器具的企业、事业单位,办理《修理计量器具许可证》,可直接向当地县(市)级人民政府计量行政部门申请考核。当地不能考核的,可以向上一级地方人民政府计量行政部门申请考核。经考核合格取得《修理计量器具许可证》的,方可准予使用国家统一规定的标志和批准营业。
第十六条 制造、修理计量器具的个体工商户,须在固定的场所从事经营。申请《制造计量器具许可证》或者《修理计量器具许可证》,按照本细则第十五条规定的程序办理。凡易地经营的,须经所到地方的人民政府计量行政部门验证核准后方可申请办理营业执照。
第十七条 对申请《制造计量器具许可证》和《修理计量器具许可证》的企业、事业单位或个体工商户进行考核的内容为:(一)生产设施;(二)出厂检定条件;(三)人员的技术状况;(四)有关技术文件和计量规章制度。
第十八条 凡制造在全国范围内从未生产过的计量器具新产品,必须经过定型鉴定。定型鉴定合格后,应当履行型式批准手续,颁发证书。在全国范围内已经定型,而本单位未生产过的计量器具新产品,应当进行样机试验。样机试验合格后,发给合格证书。凡未经型式批准或者未取得样机试验合格证书的计量器具,不准生产。
第十九条 计量器具新产品定型鉴定,由国务院计量行政部门授权的技术机构进行;样机试验由所在地方的省级人民政府计量行政部门授权的技术机构进行。计量器具新产品的型式,由当地省级人民政府计量行政部门批准。省级人民政府计量行政部门批准的型式,经国务院计量行政部门审核同意后,作为全国通用型式。
第二十条 申请计量器具新产品定型鉴定和样机试验的单位,应当提供新产品样机及有关技术文件、资料。负责计量器具新产品定型鉴定和样机试验的单位,对申请单位提供的样机和技术文件、资料必须保密。
第二十一条 对企业、事业单位制造、修理计量器具的质量,各有关主管部门应当加强管理,县级以上人民政府计量行政部门有权进行监督检查,包括抽检和监督试验。凡无产品合格印、证,或者经检定不合格的计量器具,不准出厂。

第五章 计量器具的销售和使用
第二十二条 外商在中国销售计量器具,须比照本细则第十八条的规定向国务院计量行政部门申请型式批准。
第二十三条 县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门对当地销售的计量器具实施监督检查。凡没有产品合格印、证和《制造计量器具许可证》标志的计量器具不得销售。
第二十四条 任何单位和个人不得经营销售残次计量器具零配件,不得使用残次零配件组装和修理计量器具。
第二十五条 任何单位和个人不准在工作岗位上使用无检定合格印、证或者超过检定周期以及经检定不合格的计量器具。在教学示范中使用计量器具不受此限。

第六章 计量监督
第二十六条 国务院计量行政部门和县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门监督和贯彻实施计量法律、法规的职责是:(一)贯彻执行国家计量工作的方针、政策和规章制度,推行国家法定计量单位;(二)制定和协调计量事业的发展规划,建立计量基准和社会公用计量标准,组织量值传递;(三)对制造、修理、销售、使用计量器具实施监督;(四)进行计量认证,组织仲裁检定,调解计量纠纷;(五)监督检查计量法律、法规的实施情况,对违反计量法律、法规的行为,按照本细则的有关规定进行处理。
第二十七条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门的计量管理人员,负责执行计量监督、管理任务;计量监督员负责在规定的区域、场所巡回检查,并可根据不同情况在规定的权限内对违反计量法律、法规的行为,进行现场处理,执行行政处罚。计量监督员必须经考核合格后,由县级以上人民政府计量行政部门任命并颁发监督员证件。
第二十八条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门依法设置的计量检定机构,为国家法定计量检定机构。其职责是:负责研究建立计量基准、社会公用计量标准,进行量值传递,执行强制检定和法律规定的其他检定、测试任务,起草技术规范,为实施计量监督提供技术保证,并承办有关计量监督工作。
第二十九条 国家法定计量检定机构的计量检定人员,必须经县级以上人民政府计量行政部门考核合格,并取得计量检定证件。其他单位的计量检定人员,由其主管部门考核发证。无计量检定证件的,不得从事计量检定工作。计量检定人员的技术职务系列,由国务院计量行政部门会同有关主管部门制定。
第三十条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门可以根据需要,采取以下形式授权其他单位的计量检定机构和技术机构,在规定的范围内执行强制检定和其他检定、测试任务:(一)授权专业性或区域性计量检定机构,作为法定计量检定机构;(二)授权建立社会公用计量标准;(三)授权某一部门或某一单位的计量检定机构,对其内部使用的强制检定计量器具执行强制检定;(四)授权有关技术机构,承担法律规定的其他检定、测试任务。
第三十一条 根据本细则第三十条规定被授权的单位,应当遵守下列规定:(一)被授权单位执行检定、测试任务的人员,必须经授权单位考核合格;(二)被授权单位的相应计量标准,必须接受计量基准或者社会公用计量标准的检定;(三)被授权单位承担授权的检定、测试工作,须接受授权单位的监督;(四)被授权单位成为计量纠纷中当事人一方时,在双方协商不能自行解决的情况下,由县级以上有关人民政府计量行政部门进行调解和仲裁检定。

第七章 产品质量检验机构的计量认证
第三十二条 为社会提供公证数据的产品质量检验机构,必须经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门计量认证。
第三十三条 产品质量检验机构计量认证的内容:(一)计量检定、测试设备的性能;(二)计量检定、测试设备的工作环境和人员的操作技能;(三)保证量值统一、准确的措施及检测数据公正可靠的管理制度。
第三十四条 产品质量检验机构提出计量认证申请后,省级以上人民政府计量行政部门应指定所属的计量检定机构或者被授权的技术机构按照本细则第三十三条规定的内容进行考核。考核合格后,由接受申请的省级以上人民政府计量行政部门发给计量认证合格证书。未取得计量认证合格证书的,不得开展产品质量检验工作。
第三十五条 省级以上人民政府计量行政部门有权对计量认证合格的产品质量检验机构,按照本细则第三十三条规定的内容进行监督检查。
第三十六条 已经取得计量认证合格证书的产品质量检验机构,需新增检验项目时,应按照本细则有关规定,申请单项计量认证。

第八章 计量调解和仲裁检定
第三十七条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门负责计量纠纷的调解和仲裁检定,并可根据司法机关、合同管理机关、涉外仲裁机关或者其他单位的委托,指定有关计量检定机构进行仲裁检定。
第三十八条 在调解、仲裁及案件审理过程中,任何一方当事人均不得改变与计量纠纷有关的计量器具的技术状态。
第三十九条 计量纠纷当事人对仲裁检定不服的,可以在接到仲裁检定通知书之日起十五日内向上一级人民政府计量行政部门申诉。上一级人民政府计量行政部门进行的仲裁检定为终局仲裁检定。

第九章 费 用
第四十条 建立计量标准申请考核,使用计量器具申请检定,制造计量器具新产品申请定型和样机试验,制造、修理计量器具申请许可证,以及申请计量认证和仲裁检定,应当缴纳费用,具体收费办法或收费标准,由国务院计量行政部门会同国家财政、物价部门统一制定。
第四十一条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门实施监督检查所进行的检定和试验不收费。被检查的单位有提供样机和检定试验条件的义务。
第四十二条 县级以上人民政府计量行政部门所属的计量检定机构,为贯彻计量法律、法规,实施计量监督提供技术保证所需要的经费,按照国家财政管理体制的规定,分别列入各级财政预算。

第十章 法律责任
第四十三条 违反本细则第二条规定,使用非法定计量单位的,责令其改正;属出版物的,责令其停止销售,可并处一千元以下的罚款。
第四十四条 违反《中华人民共和国计量法》第十四条规定,制造、销售和进口国务院规定废除的非法定计量单位的计量器具和国务院禁止使用的其他计量器具的,责令其停止制造、销售和进口,没收计量器具和全部违法所得,可并处相当其违法所得百分之十至百分之五十的罚款。
第四十五条 部门和企业、事业单位和各项最高计量标准,未经有关人民政府计量行政部门考核合格而开展计量检定的,责令其停止使用,可并处一千元以下的罚款。
第四十六条 属于强制检定范围的计量器具,未按照规定申请检定和属于非强制检定范围的计量器具未自行定期检定或者送其他计量检定机构定期检定的,以及经检定不合格继续使用的,责令其停止使用,可并处一千元以下的罚款。
第四十七条 未取得《制造计量器具许可证》或者《修理计量器具许可证》制造、修理计量器具的,责令其停止生产、停止营业,封存制造、修理的计量器具,没收全部违法所得,可并处相当其违法所得百分之十至百分之五十的罚款。
第四十八条 制造、销售未经型式批准或样机试验合格的计量器具新产品的,责令其停止制造、销售,封存该种新产品,没收全部违法所得,可并处三千元以下的罚款。
第四十九条 制造、修理的计量器具未经出厂检定或者经检定不合格而出厂的,责令其停止出厂,没收全部违法所得;情节严重的,可并处三千元以下的罚款。
第五十条 进口计量器具,未经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门检定合格而销售的,责令其停止销售,封存计量器具,没收全部违法所得,可并处其销售额百分之十至百分之五十的罚款。
第五十一条 使用不合格计量器具或者破坏计量器具准确度和伪造数据,给国家和消费者造成损失的,责令其赔偿损失,没收计量器具和全部违法所得,可并处二千元以下的罚款。
第五十二条 经营销售残次计量器具零配件的,责令其停止经营销售,没收残次计量器具零配件和全部违法所得,可并处二千元以下的罚款;情节严重的,由工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。
第五十三条 制造、销售、使用以欺骗消费者为目的的计量器具的单位和个人,没收其计量器具和全部违法所得,可并处二千元以下的罚款;构成犯罪的,对个人或者单位直接责任人员,依法追究刑事责任。
第五十四条 个体工商户制造、修理国家规定范围以外的计量器具或者不按照规定场所从事经营活动的,责令其停止制造、修理,没收全部违法所得,可并处以五百元以下的罚款。
第五十五条 未取得计量认证合格证书的产品质量检验机构,为社会提供公证数据的,责令其停止检验,可并处一千元以下的罚款。
第五十六条 伪造、盗用、倒卖强制检定印、证的,没收其非法检定印、证和全部违法所得,可并处二千元以下的罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第五十七条 计量监督管理人员违法失职,徇私舞弊,情节轻微的,给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第五十八条 负责计量器具新产品定型鉴定、样机试验的单位,违反本细则第二十条第二款规定的,应当按照国家有关规定,赔偿申请单位的损失,并给予直接责任人员行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第五十九条 计量检定人员有下列行为之一的,给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:(一)伪造检定数据的;(二)出具错误数据,给送检一方造成损失的;(三)违反计量检定规程进行计量检定的;(四)使用未经考核合格的计量标准开展检定的;(五)未取得计量检定证件执行计量检定的。
第六十条 本细则规定的行政处罚,由县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门决定。罚款一万元以上的,应当报省级人民政府计量行政部门决定。没收违法所得及罚款一律上缴国库。本细则第五十一条规定的行政处罚,也可以由工商行政管理部门决定。

第十一章 附 则
第六十一条 本细则下列用语的含义是:(一)计量器具是指能用以直接或间接测出被测对象量值的装置、仪器仪表、量具和用于统一量值的标准物质,包括计量基准、计量标准、工作计量器具。(二)计量检定是指为评定计量器具的计量性能,确定其是否合格所进行的全部工作。(三)定型鉴定是指对计量器具新产品样机的计量性能进行全面审查、考核。(四)计量认证是指政府计量行政部门对有关技术机构计量检定、测试的能力和可靠性进行的考核和证明。(五)计量检定机构是指承担计量检定工作的有关技术机构。(六)仲裁检定是指用计量基准或者社会公用计量标准所进行的以裁决为目的的计量检定、测试活动。
第六十二条 中国人民解放军和国防科技工业系统涉及本系统以外的计量工作的监督管理,亦适用本细则。
第六十三条 本细则有关的管理办法、管理范围和各种印、证标志,由国务院计量行政部门制定。
第六十四条 本细则由国务院计量行政部门负责解释。
第六十五条 本细则自发布之日起施行。(附英文)

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF CHINA

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Approved by the State Council on January 19, 1987 and promulgated
by the State Measurement Bureau on February 1, 1987)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Rules are formulated according to the provisions of the Metrology
Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 2
A system of legal measures is implemented in the country. The procedures
for designating the names and symbols of legal measurement units and for
abolishing the non-legal measurement units shall be implemented according
to the relevant stipulations of the State Council concerning uniform
application of legal measures in our country.
Article 3
The State develops measurement facilities in a planned way and fits out
measurement agencies at various levels with modern technology and
equipment so that they may serve to promote China's socialist
modernizations, provide measurement guarantee for our industrial and
agricultural production, the building up of our national defence,
scientific experiments, domestic and foreign trade and the people's health
and safety, and protect the interests of the State and the people.

Chapter II Datum Instruments of Measurement and Standard Instru- ments of Measurement
Article 4
The following requirements must be met in using datum instruments of
measurement (hereinafter referred to as datum instruments):
(1) they must pass the appraisement of the State;
(2) there must be such environmental conditions as required for their
normal operations;
(3) there must be competent personnel in charge of their safekeeping,
maintenance and application;
(4) there must be a perfect system of administration.
Those units which meet the above-mentioned requirements can use datum
instruments only after they pass the examination and approval by the
Measurement Administration under the State Council and receive the
relevant certificate from it.
Article 5
No unit or individual shall dismantle or refit datum instruments or
suspend the work concerning measurement examination and determination
without the approval of the Measurement Administration under the State
Council.
Article 6
The measurement values of the datum instruments should be the same as
international measurement values. The Measurement Administration under the
State Council has the right to abolish those datum instruments which are
backward in technology or those instruments whose performance cannot meet
the present requirements.
Article 7
The following requirements must be met in using standard instruments of
measurement (hereinafter referred to as standard instruments):
(1) they must pass measurement examination and determination;
(2) there must be such environmental conditions as required for their
normal operations;
(3) there must be competent personnel in charge of their safekeeping,
maintenance and application;
(4) there must be a perfect system of administration.
Article 8
Public standard instruments function as notaries in exercising measurement
supervision in the society. In designating the public standard instruments
of the highest class in the local areas, the administrative departments
for measurement in the people's governments above the county level must
apply to the measurement departments immediately above its own level for
examination. The examination of public standard instruments of other
classes may be conducted under the direction of the administrative
departments for measurement of the local people's governments.
Those public standard instruments, which have proved up to the
requirements laid down in Article 7 of these Rules and obtained
certificates of examination, shall be used only after the relevant
certificates are issued after the examination and approval by the
administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above the county level.
Article 9
The standard instruments of the highest class in various fields should be
designated by the relevant competent departments under the State Council
and by those in the people's governments in the provinces, autonomous
regions and the municipalities directly under the Central Government.
These standard instruments must pass the examination by the administrative
department for measurement in the people's governments at the same level
and those instruments which meet the requirements provided for in Article
7 of these Rules and obtain certificates of examination may be used only
after the approval by the relevant competent departments.
Article 10
In designating various standard instruments of the highest class for their
own units, enterprises and institutions must apply for examination to the
administrative departments for measurement which are at the same levels as
their competent departments in the people's governments. Township
enterprises should apply for examination to the administrative departments
for measurement in the local people's governments at the county level.
Those instruments which meet the requirements provided for in Article 7 of
these Rules and obtain certificates of examination may be used by the
relevant enterprises and institutions, which should report to their
competent authorities for the record.

Chapter III Measurement Examination and Determination
Article 11
The units and individuals using standard instruments which have gone
through compulsory examination and determination should apply for periodic
examination and determination to the relevant administrative department
for measurement of the people's government which has been responsible for
examining the instruments.
The units and individuals using the working measurement instruments which
have gone through compulsory examination and determination should apply
for periodic examination and determination to the relevant measurement
examination and determination agencies designated by the administrative
departments for measurement of the local people's governments at the
county (municipality) level. If it cannot be done locally, it is necessary
to apply for periodic examination and determination to the measurement
examination and determination agencies designated by the next higher
administrative departments.
Article 12
Enterprises and institutions should equip themselves with the facilities
for checking and testing measurement instruments commensurate with their
needs in production, scientific research and management and business
operations, formulate specific procedures and regulations concerning
examination and determination, work out detailed catalogues of measurement
instruments of their units and fix the corresponding periods for
examination and determination, and ensure that their measurement
instruments which are not subject to compulsory examination and
determination are regularly checked and tested.
Article 13
The work of measurement examination and determination shall be conducted
on the principle of economy, rationality and geographical proximity, and
it should not be restricted by administrative divisions and departmental
jurisdiction.

Chapter IV Manufacture and Repair of Measurement Instruments
Article 14
Enterprises and institutions applying for Licences for Manufacturing
Measurement Instruments should pass the examination by the administrative
departments for measurement at the same levels with the competent
authorities of the people's governments in their localities. Township
enterprises should be examined by the administrative departments for
measurement of the local people's governments at the county level. Those
enterprises and institutions which have obtained Licences for
Manufacturing Measurement Instruments by passing the examination are
allowed to use the uniform marks stipulated by the State. Only then may
the relevant competent authorities approve of their production.
Article 15
Enterprises and institutions which do business in measurement instruments
repairs may apply for examination directly to the administrative
departments for measurement of the local people's governments at the
county (municipality) level in order to obtain the Licence for Repairing
Measurement Instruments. If it cannot be done locally, applications for
examination may be submitted to the administrative departments for
measurement of the people's governments at the next higher level. Only
those enterprises and institutions which have obtained Licence for
Repairing Measurement Instruments by passing the examination may be
allowed to use the uniform marks stipulated by the State and start
business operations.
Article 16
The individual industrial and commercial businesses which are engaged in
manufacturing or repairing measurement instruments must have regular
business premises. Those which want to apply for the Licence for
Manufacturing Measurement Instruments or the Licence for Repairing
Measurement Instruments may do so according to the procedures provided for
in Article 15 of these Rules. If they move to do business in other places,
they must send the original licence to the administrative department for
measurement of the local people's government where they have moved, for
verification and approval before they can apply for new business licences.
Article 17
The examination for enterprises, institutions or individual industrial and
commercial businesses which apply for the Licence for Manufacturing
Measurement Instruments and the Licence for Repairing Measurement
Instruments consists of the following items:
(1) production facilities;
(2) facilities for testing and determining products;
(3) technical levels of the workers and staff members;
(4) relevant technical documents and regulations and rules concerning
measurements.
Article 18
The product design of a new measurement instrument, which has never been
produced in the country, must be appraised before it can be manufactured.
When the product design has been finalized, it is necessary to go through
formalities of model approval and obtain the relevant certificate. New
products whose designs have been finalized in the country but have never
been produced by the producer must be tested and their prototypes be made.
A certificate of quality shall be issued after the test of prototype is
passed. Those measurement instruments which have not obtained model
approval or certificates of quality of their prototypes shall not be
allowed to be produced.
Article 19
The product design appraisement of a new measurement instrument shall be
conducted by the technical agency authorized by the measurement
administration under the State Council. Prototypes of the instrument shall
be tested by the technical agency authorized by the administrative
department for measurement of the local people's government at the
provincial level.
The models of new measurement instruments shall be approved by the
administrative departments for measurement of the local people's
governments at the provincial level. The models approved by such
departments can be used as nationally applicable models after they have
been finalized by the measurement administration under the State Council.
Article 20
The Units applying for model design appraisement for a new measurement
instrument and prototype testing should provide a prototype of the new
product, and the relevant technical documents and data.
The units responsible for the appraisement and testing must withhold
secret of the prototype, the technical documents and data provided by the
applicants.
Article 21
The various relevant competent authorities should strengthen control over
the quality of the measurement instruments manufactured and repaired by
the enterprises and institutions. The administrative departments for
measurement in the people's governments above the county level are
empowered to carry out supervision and inspection, including sampling and
supervised testing. The measurement instruments without stamps or
certificates of quality or those measurement instruments which have failed
to pass the examination and determination shall not be allowed to leave
the factories.

Chapter V Marketing and Use of Measurement Instruments
Article 22
Foreign businessmen selling measurement instruments in China must apply
for model approval to the measurement administration under the State
Council according to the provisions in Article 18 of these Rules.
Article 23
The administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above the county level exercise supervision and inspection over the
measurement instruments sold locally. The instruments without quality
stamps or certificates of quality or the marks of the Licence for
Manufacturing Measurement Instruments may not be marketed.
Article 24
No units or individuals may deal in rejected or defective spares and
components of measurement instruments or use them in assembling and
repairing measurement instruments.
Article 25
No units or individuals may use in their work the measurement instruments
without quality stamps or certificates of examination and determination or
those instruments which have exceeded the period of examination and
determination or those instruments which have been rejected in examination
and determination. This provision does not apply to the measurement
instruments used in teaching demonstration.

Chapter VI Measurement Supervision
Article 26
The responsibilities of the measurement administration under the State
Council and the administrative departments for measurement of the local
people's governments above the county level in the supervision over and
implementation of the laws and regulations concerning measurement are as
follows:
(1) carrying out the State policies, measures and regulations concerning
measurement and promoting the adoption of the State legal measurement
units;
(2) making and coordinating development plans for measurement
undertakings, designating datum instruments and public standard
instruments, organizing the transmission of measurement values;
(3) exercising supervision over the manufacturing, repairing, marketing
and using of measurement instruments;
(4) conducting measurement attestation, organizing arbitration over
examination and determination and mediating disputes over measurement;
(5) supervising and checking the implementation of measurement laws and
regulations, and dealing with violations of these laws and regulations in
accordance with the relevant provisions of these Rules.
Article 27
The measurement control personnel at the administrative departments for
measurement of the people's governments above the county level are
responsible for measurement supervision and administration. Measurement
inspectors are responsible for circuit checking in the prescribed areas
and places and may, within their stipulated authority, deal, on the spot,
with violations of measurement laws and regulations and mete out
administrative sanctions on the merit of each case.
Measurement inspectors must pass the examination supervised by the
administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above the county level, which shall appoint the inspectors and issue
relevant certificates.
Article 28
The agencies for measurement examination and determination set up
according to law by the administrative departments for measurement of the
people's governments above the county level are legal agencies of the
State. Their responsibilities are: designating datum instruments and
public standard instruments, conducting transmission of measurement
values, carrying out compulsory examination and determination as well as
other examination and determination and testing prescribed by law,
drafting regulations concerning technical specifications to provide
technical guarantee for exercising measurement supervision and handling
other matters concerning measurement supervision.
Article 29
The personnel in charge of measurement examination and determination in
the State legal agencies for measurement examination and determination
must pass the examinations supervised by the administrative departments
for measurement of the people's governments above the county level and
must obtain the necessary certificates. The personnel in charge of
measurement examination and determination in other units should pass the
examinations supervised by their higher competent authorities and obtain
the relevant certificates. People without the certificates for measurement
examination and determination may not do the work in this field. The
grading of the technical posts of the personnel in charge of measurement
examination and determination shall be stipulated by the measurement
administration under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant
competent authorities.
Article 30
The administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above the county level may, in the light of actual needs, authorize the
agencies of measurement examination and determination and technical
agencies in the following ways to conduct compulsory examination and
determination and other kinds of examination and determination and testing
within the prescribed scope:
(1) authorizing professional or regional agencies for measurement
examination and determination to act as legal agencies;
(2) authorizing the designation of public standard instruments;
(3) authorizing the agencies for measurement examination and determination
of certain departments or units to conduct compulsory examination and
determination of the relevant measurement instruments used therein;
(4) authorizing relevant technical agencies to undertake the other tasks
of examination and determination and testing prescribed by law.
Article 31
Units which have been authorized in accordance with the provisions of
Article 30 of these Rules should abide by the following stipulations:
(1) the personnel in charge of examination and determination and testing
in the authorized units must pass the examinations supervised by the
authorizing units;
(2) the corresponding measurement standards of the authorized units must
be examined and determined according to the datum instruments or the
public standard instruments;
(3) the authorized units must conduct the authorized work of examination
and determination and testing under the supervision of the authorizing
units;
(4) administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above county level shall conduct mediation and arbitration when the
authorized units become a party to a measurement dispute, which cannot be
settled by the parties themselves through consultation.

Chapter VII Measurement Attestation of Agencies for Examination of Product Quality
Article 32
The agencies for examination of product quality which provide the society
with notarization data must be attested by administrative departments for
measurement of the people's governments above provincial level.
Article 33
Measurement attestation of agencies for examination of product quality
covers the following aspects:
(1) examining and determining measurements and testing the function of
equipment;
(2) examining and determination measurements and testing the environmental
conditions for the functioning of the equipment and the personnel's
operational skills;
(3) measures ensuring the uniformity of measurement values and accuracy,
and systems ensuring the equity and reliability of the data for
examination and determination of measurements.
Article 34
After receiving applications for attestation from agencies for examination
of product quality, administrative departments for measurement of the
people's governments above provincial level shall instruct the measurement
examination agencies under their jurisdiction or the authorized technical
agencies to arrange the examinations for the applicants in accordance with
the provisions of Article 33 of these Rules. The administrative
departments for measurement of the people's governments above provincial
level shall issue certificates for measurement attestation to those
applicants who have passed the examinations. Those who have not obtained
the certificates shall not be allowed to conduct examination of product
quality.
Article 35
Administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above provincial level are empowered to conduct supervision and inspection
over those agencies which have obtained certificates for measurement
attestation according to the provisions of Article 33 of these Rules.
Article 36
Agencies for examination of product quality which have obtained a
certificate for measurement attestation should apply for separate
confirmation of measurement attestation for new items, if they deem these
additional examinations necessary, according to the relevant provisions of
these Rules.

Chapter VIII Measurement Mediation and Arbitrative Examination and Determination
Article 37
Administrative departments for measurement of the people's governments
above county level are responsible for mediation and arbitrative
examination and determination for measurement disputes and may appoint
relevant agencies for measurement examination and determination to conduct
arbitrative examination and determination as entrusted by judicial organs,
administrative organs for contracts, arbitration agencies dealing with
cases involving foreign parties, or other organizations.
Article 38
No litigant shall change the technical status of the measurement
instruments involved in the dispute in the course of the mediation,
arbitration and hearing of the cases.
Article 39
If a party rejects the arbitrative examination and determination, it may
appeal to the administrative departments for measurement of the people's
governments at the next higher level within 15 days of receipt of the
notice of the arbitrative examination and determination. The arbitrative
examination and determination by the administrative departments for
measurement of the next higher people's governments shall be final.

Chapter IX Fees
Article 40
Fees shall be paid for applications for examinations to designate standard
measurement instruments, applications for examination and determination of
measurement instruments to be used, applications for model approval and
prototype instrument testing for manufacturing new measurement products,
applications for the licence for manufacturing and repairing measurement
instruments and applications for measurement attestation and arbitrative
examination and determination. Actual procedures or rates of charges shall
be worked out by the measurement administration under the State Council in

不分页显示   总共2页  1 [2]

  下一页